Can foreigners operate a community health centre (puskesmas) business in Indonesia?

Yes. KBLI 86102 (Aktivitas Puskesmas) is TERBUKA — open to 100% foreign ownership via PT PMA. No local Indonesian partner required.

What license is required for KBLI 86102?

KBLI 86102 has a Menengah Tinggi risk classification. Required license: NIB dan Sertifikat Standar. Processing time: 25 Hari.

KBLI 86102 is the Indonesian business classification code for "Aktivitas Puskesmas" (Community Health Centre (Puskesmas)). It falls under Section Q of KBLI 2025, the Indonesian Standard Industrial Classification updated by BPS (Regulation 7/2025), effective June 18, 2026.

How did KBLI 86102 change from KBLI 2020 to 2025?

KBLI 86102 was mapped from previous code 86102 (KBLI 2020). All businesses must migrate to KBLI 2025 by June 18, 2026 per BPS Regulation 7/2025.

Breadcrumb

KBLI 86102★ Gold-Tier Intel

Community Health Centre (Puskesmas)

Aktivitas Puskesmas

🏥 Section Q — Human Health & Social Work

✅Open· 100% ForeignMedium-High RiskDirect Match

Rumah Sakit Khusus (RSK) — specialty hospital focused on a specific medical discipline: oncology, cardiology, orthopedics, maternity (RSIA — Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak), ophthalmology, dental/oral surgery (RSK Gigi dan Mulut), psychiatry, rehabilitation. Unlike a general hospital (86101), an RSK has narrower service scope — potentially lower capital requirements and a more focused Kemenkes approval process. **Same core requirements as 86101: Tinggi risk, Menteri authority, 30 working days, minimum IDR 100 billion PMA investment, KARS accreditation required.** In Bali, the medical tourism opportunity for specialty hospitals is strongest in RSIA (maternity + pediatrics), dental/oral surgery, aesthetic/cosmetic medicine, and orthopedic rehabilitation.

Licensing & Requirements

What You Need

Risk LevelMedium-High (Menengah Tinggi)

License TypeNIB dan Sertifikat Standar

Processing25 Hari

Foreign Ownership100% Open

AuthorityBKPM / OSS

PP28/2025 Licensing Data1 scale

Mikro, Kecil, Menengah, BesarMedium-High RiskNIB dan Sertifikat Standar⏱ 25 HariFiktif Positif

Requirements (Indonesian)7

1Profil klinik

2Self assesment klinik

3Daftar obat dan BMHP

4Daftar SDM klinik

5Dokumen pendukung izin praktik tenaga medis/ tenaga kesehatan

6Perjanjian kerja sama pengelolaan limbah B3

7Data pendukung (jika diperlukan): a. Dokumen mempekerjakan TKWNA b. Dokumen perpanjangan perizinan (perizinan sebelumnya, peraturan internal klinik/ kebijakan lain tentang penyelenggaraan klinik, bukti registrasi, kewajiban klinik lainnya) c. Dokumen perubahan perizinan (perizinan sebelumnya, surat keterangan alasan perubahan dari pemilik klinik, kewajiban klinik lainnya)

Post-License Obligations7

Melakukan registrasi klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Menyelenggara kan tata kelola klinik yang baik, termasuk pelayanan kesehatan diberikan sesuai standar pelayanan, standar prosedur operasional, dan standar profesi masingmasing tenaga medis/ tenaga kesehatan

Melakukan input/pembah aruan data di sistem informasi milik Kemenkes sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku (ASPAK, INM, DFO, dan lain sebagainya)

Menyelenggara kan rekam medis elektronik di klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Menjamin mutu dan keselamatan pasien serta melakukan akreditasi klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Melaporkan hasil kegiatan klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Mendukung pelaksanaan program nasional

All scales

Risk: Tinggi (High). Authority: Menteri (national Ministry of Health). Timeline: 30 working days from Menteri — but plan 12–24 months total including pre-licensing.

PMA

Terbuka — 100% foreign ownership, WITH mandatory Kemenkes special authorization. Minimum investment: IDR 100 billion — same threshold as general hospital.

Step-by-step for PT PMA specialty hospital

Define your specialty scope— this is the first and most strategic decision: your specialty determines minimum specialist roster requirements, equipment list, and target RSK class; common PMA choices: RSIA (maternity+pediatrics), RSK Gigi dan Mulut (dental), RSK Orthopedi, RSK Estetika (cosmetic/aesthetic surgery); consult Ditjen Yankes Kemenkes to confirm Kelas A/B/C classification expectations for your chosen specialty

PT PMA incorporation with IDR 100B+ capital— notary deed, AHU registration; at this scale, dedicated corporate legal team recommended (~3–6 weeks setup; capital sourcing is the long-lead item)

Preliminary Kemenkes consultation— submit Rencana Pendirian RSK; includes specialty-specific service plan, minimum specialist roster for intended class, floor plan, equipment list; Kemenkes will confirm regulatory path for your specialty

Site preparation and specialist staffing— each dokter spesialis must hold STR-Spesialis (from KKI, specialty-endorsed) + SIP-Spesialis (from Dinkes Kabupaten, location-specific); minimum specialist count per Permenkes for your RSK class

Kemenkes + Dinkes Provinsi site inspection— specialty equipment and staffing verification; 2–4 months from application

NIB via OSS— select 86102, Tinggi path

Sertifikat Rumah Sakit Khusus— from Kemenkes; RSK classes: **Kelas A** (full specialty depth), **Kelas B** (broad specialty), **Kelas C** (limited specialty); most PMA RSK target Kelas B or C

Izin Operasional RSK— from Kemenkes or Gubernur depending on class

KARS accreditation— mandatory within 2 years; international RSK pursuing medical tourism patients pursue JCI concurrently; KARS is non-negotiable for BPJS partnership

Total realistic timeline

12–24 months from PT PMA to first patient.

2020 → 2025

NEW entry in KBLI 2025 — 86102 is a new dedicated code for Rumah Sakit Khusus. In KBLI 2020, specialty hospital activity was covered under broader healthcare classifications. PP28/2025 creates specific codes for each hospital type.

Bali Intelligence

Which RSK specialty has the best PMA ROI in Bali?

RSIA (Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak — Maternity + Pediatrics):

Bali has ~100,000 births/year; expat birth tourism from Australia, Netherlands, UK is a documented and growing trend
Premium international birth center model: IDR 30–80M per birth event (natural birth, water birth, NICU capability, English-speaking OB/GYN and midwives)
Existing example: Bali Birth Sanctuary and BIMC's maternity department show market appetite
RSIA is the most achievable RSK class for PMA entry: focused service scope, smaller physical footprint than general hospital, faster Kemenkes approval path

💡RSK Gigi dan Mulut (Dental Hospital)

Dental implants in Bali: IDR 8–12M per implant vs. IDR 25–50M in Australia — price differential drives significant medical tourism
Australian dental tourists are Bali's #1 dental medical tourism segment; also growing: Korean and European patients for cosmetic dentistry
Full dental hospital (implants, orthodontics, cosmetic dentistry, oral surgery under one JCI-accredited roof) = premium differentiation against the hundreds of standalone dental clinics
Revenue benchmark: IDR 100M–500M/month for a well-positioned international dental hospital

💡RSK Orthopedi + Sports Medicine

Bali's surf community, active expats, and sports tourism generate consistent orthopedic demand (knee replacements, ACL repairs, shoulder surgery)
Sports medicine + physiotherapy + orthopedic surgery under one roof = full-service sports medicine RSK
Growing MICE wellness: corporate health programs including joint replacements + post-op rehabilitation retreats
1/3 of Singapore/Australian price on orthopedic surgery = real medical tourism draw

💡RSK Estetika (Cosmetic/Aesthetic Surgery)

Rhinoplasty, blepharoplasty (double eyelid), liposuction, breast augmentation — Bali pricing is 40–60% below Singapore
Gray zone between RSK (86102) and a clinic (86201): at hospital scale you have a credentialed surgery theater with proper anesthesiology; clinic scale limits what procedures you can legally perform
The RSK classification gives you the OR credentialing that drives medical tourist confidence

💡Malpractice insurance

UU Kesehatan 2023 establishes corporate liability for hospitals — the RS (not just the individual doctor) is jointly liable for medical errors. Adequate medical malpractice insurance is essential; work with international insurers (AXA, Allianz, Lloyd's medical malpractice products). Indonesian medical malpractice insurance products alone may not provide adequate international coverage.

🏥

Read Full Guide on Bali Zero↗

KBLI 2025 Healthcare & Wellness: Hospital, Clinic & Medical Business Codes

kita.balizero.com

Foreign Workers

TKA Eligible Positions

Kepmenaker 228/2019 — Category 12: Jasa Kesehatan & Kegiatan Sosial

64 in category

1342Hospital DirectorDirektur Rumah Sakit

2212Medical DirectorDirektur Medis

2212Chief SpecialistKepala Spesialis

1342Clinical Operations ManagerManajer Operasional Klinis

2212Specialty PhysicianDokter Spesialis

2221Surgical Nurse SpecialistSpesialis Perawat Bedah

2149Medical Equipment EngineerTeknisi Peralatan Medis

3256Quality and Accreditation ManagerManajer Kualitas dan Akreditasi

2212AnaesthesiologistDokter Anestesi

1342Clinical DirectorDirektur Klinik

Healthcare & Social Services sector TKA positions. Selection covers specialty hospital management, clinical specialists, and technical staff eligible for foreign worker permits.

KEDUA Provision — Directors & Commissioners Exemption

Directors and Commissioners who do NOT manage personalia can work without being listed in the jabatan.

Complementary Codes

86101 — General Hospital (if you eventually expand to full general services)
86201 — Medical Clinic (start with a clinic before committing to RSK capital requirements)
47721 — Apotek (in-house pharmacy — separate license)
86910 — Physiotherapy (if rehabilitation is a core specialty offering)
86993 — Diagnostic Laboratory (if lab services are structured as a separate entity)

Related Codes

86101Section Q

Government Hospital

Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Pemerintah

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignHigh Risk

86103Section Q

Private Hospital

Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Swasta

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignHigh Risk

86104Section Q

Government Clinic

Aktivitas Klinik Pemerintah

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignMedium-High Risk

86105Section Q

Private Clinic

Aktivitas Klinik Swasta

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignMedium-High Risk

86109Section Q

Other Hospital

Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Lainnya

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignHigh Risk

86201Section Q

General Practitioner Practice

Aktivitas Praktik Dokter

→

✅Open· 100% ForeignMedium-High Risk

What You Need

Risk LevelMedium-High (Menengah Tinggi)

License TypeNIB dan Sertifikat Standar

Processing25 Hari

Foreign Ownership100% Open

AuthorityBKPM / OSS

PP28/2025 Licensing Data1 scale

Mikro, Kecil, Menengah, BesarMedium-High RiskNIB dan Sertifikat Standar⏱ 25 HariFiktif Positif

Requirements (Indonesian)7

1Profil klinik

2Self assesment klinik

3Daftar obat dan BMHP

4Daftar SDM klinik

5Dokumen pendukung izin praktik tenaga medis/ tenaga kesehatan

6Perjanjian kerja sama pengelolaan limbah B3

Post-License Obligations7

Melakukan registrasi klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Melakukan input/pembah aruan data di sistem informasi milik Kemenkes sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku (ASPAK, INM, DFO, dan lain sebagainya)

Menyelenggara kan rekam medis elektronik di klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Menjamin mutu dan keselamatan pasien serta melakukan akreditasi klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Melaporkan hasil kegiatan klinik sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku

Mendukung pelaksanaan program nasional

All scales

Risk: Tinggi (High). Authority: Menteri (national Ministry of Health). Timeline: 30 working days from Menteri — but plan 12–24 months total including pre-licensing.

PMA

Terbuka — 100% foreign ownership, WITH mandatory Kemenkes special authorization. Minimum investment: IDR 100 billion — same threshold as general hospital.

Step-by-step for PT PMA specialty hospital

PT PMA incorporation with IDR 100B+ capital— notary deed, AHU registration; at this scale, dedicated corporate legal team recommended (~3–6 weeks setup; capital sourcing is the long-lead item)

Kemenkes + Dinkes Provinsi site inspection— specialty equipment and staffing verification; 2–4 months from application

NIB via OSS— select 86102, Tinggi path

Sertifikat Rumah Sakit Khusus— from Kemenkes; RSK classes: **Kelas A** (full specialty depth), **Kelas B** (broad specialty), **Kelas C** (limited specialty); most PMA RSK target Kelas B or C

Izin Operasional RSK— from Kemenkes or Gubernur depending on class

KARS accreditation— mandatory within 2 years; international RSK pursuing medical tourism patients pursue JCI concurrently; KARS is non-negotiable for BPJS partnership

Total realistic timeline

12–24 months from PT PMA to first patient.

2020 → 2025