Government Hospital
Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Pemerintah
🏥 Section Q — Human Health & Social Work
Rumah Sakit Umum — full-service general hospital with inpatient and outpatient care, 24-hour emergency, surgery, ICU, diagnostic imaging, laboratory, and in-house pharmacy. This is the highest regulatory bar in Indonesia's entire healthcare classification system. PMA is permitted at 100% foreign ownership, but requires a special Kemenkes authorization process SEPARATE from OSS — minimum IDR 100 billion investment, and realistically 12–24 months from company formation to operational license. For most foreign investors, the realistic PMA entry point is NOT a general hospital (too capital-intensive, too complex) but an international-standard specialty hospital (86102) or clinic (86201) targeting Bali's medical tourism market. In Bali, benchmarks are Siloam Hospitals Bali, BIMC Hospital (Australian-founded), Prima Medika, and Kasih Ibu.
What You Need
PP28/2025 Licensing Data1 scale
Requirements (Indonesian)2
Post-License Obligations2
All scales
Risk: Tinggi (High). Authority: Menteri (national Ministry of Health). Timeline: 30 working days from Menteri — but plan 12–24 months total including pre-licensing requirements.
Terbuka — 100% foreign ownership, WITH mandatory Kemenkes special authorization (separate from OSS). Minimum investment: IDR 100 billion (approx. USD 6–7M) — this is a Kemenkes requirement, not just a recommendation.
Step-by-step for a PT PMA general hospital
Total realistic timeline
12–24 months from PT PMA formation to first patient.
NEW entry in KBLI 2025 — 86101 is a new dedicated code for Rumah Sakit Umum. In KBLI 2020, general hospital activity was covered under broader healthcare classifications. PP28/2025 creates separate, specific codes for hospital types (86101 general, 86102 specialty), reflecting the sector's regulatory maturation.
Bali Intelligence
Bali medical tourism — IDR 2+ trillion market, but general hospital is NOT the PMA entry point
Bali's medical tourism generates IDR 2+ trillion annually and is growing — particularly post-COVID as health-conscious travelers seek integration of wellness and medical services. However, the realistic PMA opportunity for foreign investors is almost never "build a full general hospital."
Why not general hospital?
- IDR 100B minimum investment = approx. USD 6–7M just to meet Kemenkes threshold; a properly equipped 100-bed hospital requires IDR 300–500B
- Competing with Siloam, BIMC, Prima Medika which have 20+ years of community trust, established referral networks, and trained local staff
- KARS accreditation takes 2+ years from opening; JCI adds another 1–2 years
- 5–7 year path to meaningful EBITDA
- Siloam Hospitals Bali (Denpasar) — part of Siloam International Hospitals (publicly listed); 200+ beds, full specialist coverage, largest private hospital in Bali
- BIMC Hospital (Kuta, Nusa Dua) — 24h emergency, trauma, medical evacuation partnerships with SOS, expat-focused; Australian-founded heritage
- Prima Medika Hospital (Denpasar) — locally-owned, strong community positioning, growing specialist range
- Kasih Ibu (Denpasar) — RSIA focus, strong in obstetrics and pediatrics
- RS Bali Royal (BROS) — newer, modern facilities in Denpasar
The real PMA opportunity: specialty hospital (86102) or clinic (86201)
- International dental clinic (implants + cosmetic dentistry at 30–50% of Australian/Singapore prices): already a proven model in Bali
- RSIA (maternity + pediatrics): expat birth tourism from Australia/EU is real and growing
- Aesthetic medicine clinic: botox, PRP, anti-aging — Bali's growing cosmetic tourism segment
- Medical wellness retreat (86903 or 86102): functional medicine, longevity programs, executive health checks
- Rehabilitation/sports medicine: serving Bali's surf and active expat community
If you are serious about a general hospital: JV with an established Indonesian healthcare operator is the typical PMA structure — brings existing medical staff networks, community trust, and operational expertise. Budget 5–7 years to profitability. This is institutional capital territory, not individual investor territory.
KBLI 2025 Healthcare & Wellness: Hospital, Clinic & Medical Business Codes
kita.balizero.comTKA Eligible Positions
Kepmenaker 228/2019 — Category 12: Jasa Kesehatan & Kegiatan Sosial
Healthcare & Social Services sector TKA positions. Selection covers hospital management, clinical specialists, and technical staff eligible for foreign worker permits.
KEDUA Provision — Directors & Commissioners Exemption
- 86102 — Specialty Hospital (smarter PMA entry: narrower scope, clearer Kemenkes pathway, lower capital requirement)
- 86201 — Medical Clinic (start with a clinic before committing to hospital-scale capital)
- 47721 — Apotek (in-house pharmacy — a separate license required for the pharmacy function)
- 86993 — Diagnostic laboratory services (if structured as a separate entity)
- 86910 — Physiotherapy (if rehabilitation is part of the service range)
Related Codes
Community Health Centre (Puskesmas)
Aktivitas Puskesmas
Private Hospital
Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Swasta
Government Clinic
Aktivitas Klinik Pemerintah
Private Clinic
Aktivitas Klinik Swasta
Other Hospital
Aktivitas Rumah Sakit Lainnya
General Practitioner Practice
Aktivitas Praktik Dokter